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The Lord's Prayer: Nearly Ready

October 25, 2012, 7:37 am
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Over on AramaicNT.org:
As per request, we nearly have The Lord's Prayer, reconstructed in early Galilean Aramaic in its most primitive form ready to share. It will be presented in the same form as the rest of the translation project so that anyone can pronounce it well and easily without prior knowledge of the language, itself.
It will also be accompanied by a set of notes detailing the different choices and difficulties involved with the translation effort, as well as possible alternate readings, and discussions about the prayer within the context and culture of Biblical times.
But there is a lot more that is coming with it. Project supporters will also have access to:
  1. The Prayer written in Aramaic handwriting contemporary to Jesus and his followers.
  2. An audio recording of how it could have sounded when spoken among early Christians.
  3. Reconstructions of both longer-form traditions (including the doxology) as found in Matthew and Luke as well as extended translation notes for all versions.
  4. The full ARC010: The Aramaic Lord's Prayer class from DARIUS that includes the following topics:
    • What is So Special About the Lord's Prayer?
    • A (Brief) History of Aramaic & the Dialect of Jesus
    • The Syriac Peshitta Tradition
    • Other Syriac Traditions and Their Relations to Each Other
    • Scholarly Reconstructions
    • Modern Aramaic Traditions
    • Odd Translations
It's going to be a heck of a lot of fun.
Peace,
-Steve
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The Lord's Prayer Reconstructed in Galilean Aramaic Posted!

November 6, 2012, 7:53 pm
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For My Friends Attending SBL

November 17, 2012, 8:15 am
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Where I am once again unable to make the trip due to family obligations (one of which is the awesome fact that by the end of the weekend my wife and I will have been married for 12 years :-) ) there is one session I would like to remind everyone about as it is of personal interest to me:


S18-209a
Blogger and Online Publication
11/18/2012
1:00 PM to 3:00 PM
Room: W183c - McCormick Place
Theme: Media Relations and Popular Archaeology
This is a special session with filmmaker Simcha Jacobovici and James Tabor discussing archaeological claims and the role the popular media plays with scholarship. Christopher Rollston and Robert Cargill will join Jacobovici and Tabor to discuss the role of popular media in scholarship.
Christian Brady, Pennsylvania State University, Presiding
Simcha Jacobovici, Panelist
James Tabor, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Panelist
Robert Cargill, University of Iowa, Panelist
Christopher Rollston, Emmanuel School of Religion, Panelist

This is certainly going to be an interesting one. It's an "all-star" panel. :-)

Although I have satirized and poked fun at Tabor and Jacobovici in the past (I admit more Jacobovici than Tabor, as he's more prone to interestingsoundbites :-) ) primarily for their work on the "Jesus Tomb" and "Jonah Ossuary," I would really like to see what kind of dialog that can be struck up between them and Cargill and Rollston, as all of them have considerable experience with archaeology specifically vis à vis the media.

I also hope that Chris Brady is able to keep'em all in line (good luck!) and that they're all in good enough spirits able to share a pint together afterwards. :-)

Tell me how it goes.

Peace,
-Steve

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Help Support AramaicNT.org

November 28, 2012, 11:14 am
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This newly-resurrected project I'm working on has some awesome things on the horizon, and the certificates came out so nice *I'd* like to see something like that in my stocking. Please consider supporting it! :-)

Peace,
-Steve
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The Biblioblog Reference Library is Down...

December 6, 2012, 8:10 am
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New Feature at The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

December 12, 2012, 10:17 am
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The "Dictionary Collation":
"Since the CAL covers so many different Aramaic dialects with varying spelling systems, we have had to adopt a spelling convention for our lemmas (headwords) that is often at odds with those found in individual dialect dictionaries. Thus we have implemented this page to enable users easily to find CAL entries corresponding to those in whatever earlier dictionary they might be using. Enter the page number of the dictionary and see a list of all lemmas currently corresponding to that page.* You may also use this for collation among dictionaries where cross references are scant or missing. For example, where is one to find the word לחתא (Jastrow p. 705 "splint bone") in DJBA? (Answer: CAL lemma lḥt, DJBA לוחתא.) For multi-volume Dictionaries without sequential pagination, enter the page number as e.g., "1:134, 2:212.""
Now to tinker with it and see how it works.

Peace,
-Steve
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"Let it Schnee Let it Sneeuw Let it Snö" - Even Rosetta Stone isn't Perfect

December 13, 2012, 1:23 pm
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Over on Our Mechanical Brain there is a good example of how even the most well-respected companies can make mistakes... and why one should always check up on what their marketing departments are up to.

That’s the song “Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow” with “snow” translated into German, Dutch and Swedish, respectively.
What she means is that they’ve taken the noun form of snow in all three languages, rather than the verb. Which is embarrassing enough for a company trying to sell you language learning software. But it gets better: the press release for the campaign has now been corrected for one word (“sneeuw” > “sneeuwen”), but not the other two
Such goofs are what I affectionately call "dictionary translations" as they happen when someone who is not very familiar with a language looks up the words they think they need in a dictionary and copies them down without understanding their context. Sadly, I come across these about once or twice every few weeks.

Within my niche, the biggest problem is that most people trained in Aramaic have learned it from the angle translating *from* Aramaic to their own language. In fact many times they can be quite good at doing so. When they try to translate *from* their own language *into* Aramaic, problems arise as they have not learned Aramaic *composition.*

Adjectives are used as adverbs, nouns swapping with verbs, obscure and lightly attested words are used in place of more common ones whose use is buried in their dictionary entries, and simple rules of grammar are misapplied.

For example:

This one was from a few years back.
It was supposed to read:
"I am with God and God is within me."
Areas in red are serious grammatical goofs. He used an enclitic as a suffix on a pronoun.
Areas in orange are serious typesetting errors. That's a lamed not a nun. It needs height.
Areas in green are awkwardly rendered. It'd be better as ܒܓܘܝ for Syriac and בגווי for Galilean.
Or just ܒܝ or בי respectively. Even simpler.
(There are also other goofs. 10 points to who catches them. :-) )

"Just enough rope," as they say.

I also had another really good example, also a few years back,  where someone had asked (from a "translator" who I've dealt with before) for "Love to dance" and was given "love, dancing" instead, but I cannot for the life of me find it.

Anyways, this is the exact same thing that happened with Rosetta's marketing department (who are apparently marketers and not translators) and given how much they pay them, that's a real shame. Just goes to show you that it can happen to anyone.

(Hopefully not me, though. For the most part I should know better. :-) )

Peace,
-Steve

PS: Just for fun, I've included one misake on purpose in this post for you to find. Comment when you've noticed it (but don't give it away). :-)
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In Memoriam: John William "Mack" McKenzie Brady (Jan 16 2004 – Dec 31 2012)

January 3, 2013, 10:07 pm
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No parent should have to lose their child. What I have learned from what my grandparents experienced when we lost my mother is that the grief that they felt cannot possibly be put to words. Having children of my own, I pray that I may never have to experience such a thing myself, as they are simply far, far too precious to me.

This is why my sincerest thoughts and prayers have been with Christian 'Targuman' Brady and his family for the past few days, in the aftermath of losing their 8 year old son, Mack, just a day shy of the new year and about two weeks short of his birthday.

Chris is one of my "heroes" in the world of Aramaic Studies, and this came as a profound shock to everyonewho knows him.

The funeral will be held at St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church, 208 W. Foster Ave. and Fraser Street, State College, PA, at 10 a.m..

There is also a scholarship at Penn State that has been put up in Mack's name:
The Bradys ask that memorial gifts be directed to a scholarship being established in Mack's honor to benefit a member of Penn State's men’s soccer team. In announcing the scholarship, Dean Brady said that through such an annual award to a player his son "will, in some sense, 'be on the field' that he had hoped to play on someday."
Memorial gifts may be made online at http://givenow.psu.edu or by sending a check, payable to Penn State with "In memory of Mack Brady" in the memo line, to: Penn State University, One Old Main, University Park, PA 16802.

I invite all of my fellow Bibliobloggers and readers who -- like myself -- are not able to attend to take a moment and hold Chris and his family in your thoughts. If you have a blog of your own, I invite you to share a memorial so that Mack's memory may live on.

Peace,
-Steve
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New Features at the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (CAL)

February 16, 2013, 12:02 pm
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A bunch of new search options are now available at the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon over at Hebrew Union College. Here's the official statement:

The Advantages of the Online Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

Welcome to the first complete online academic lexicon of a classical Semitic language and the first dictionary of all of the classical dialects of Aramaic.  As an online dictionary, the CAL itself has many advantages over the traditional printed book:
  • Entries may be accessed by root, by canonical form, or by the complete form as found in texts.  For example, confronted by ובמלכותה the entry can be found by searching for the form as it is, by the root “mlk” or by the lemma “mlkw.” No longer is alphabetization an issue.
  • Entries may be accessed by the Aramaic word, by any English word used in the glosses, or by certain semantic fields.
  • Citations within entries may be searched.
  • Searching may use Roman transliteration, Unicode, Square script (Hebrew) or Syriac keyboards.
  • Citations from the database are linked to the full text.  Click on a citation in an entry to see it in its original context.  From the context, you will find yourself in text browse mode where a click on any other word displays the appropriate lexical entry.
  • A complicated entry may also be viewed without justifying citations so as to better study its overall semantic structure.
  • Entries display the page numbers where a word is treated in the major previous dialect dictionaries and, more importantly, links to online displays of those digitized pages where allowed by copyright.
  • There are no separate pages for abbreviations.  Hover with the mouse over an unfamiliar abbreviation and a revealing “tooltip” appears.
  • The CAL is live!  We are constantly adding texts, adding new words, and improving entries.  Active work is in progress improving our textbases and treatments of the less well-known dialects, in particular Mandaic, Samaritan, and Nabataean. All scholarly references to the CAL should thus include the date when the reference was found.  We invite corrections from users!
  • Although in the sense of the previous paragraph the CAL is not yet “complete,” we have decided to open the lexicon to academe: As of February, 2013, our database consists of over two million parsed words, over 30,000 individual lemmas (and 7,000 cross-references), over 60,000 glosses, and about 20,000 citations.


And here's a list that's currently up and most obviously new:
  1. Browse the Lexicon - You can now enter in the first few letters of a lemma to browse through all entires that begin with those letters (rather than using wild cards as before).
  2. Citation Search ("Search for combinations of English words within citations") - You can enter up to three words in English to search for in citations (i.e. translated examples, for those not familiar with the term).
  3. Advanced Binary Search - Allows you to search for lemmas that are found a certain number of words way from each other. Good for finding phrases and studying idioms.
  4. Dictionary Collation - Although this isn't "new" as in "brand new right now," it's one of the younger features that's getting better every month. You can enter what page you're looking at in any of the standard works listed (such as Jastrow, or Sokoloff's DJPA, etc.) and it returns a list of each CAL lemma (i.e. dictionary entry) for that page, in order. Since traditional lemmas can be quite different between dialects and dictionaries, this is a wonderful thing to have on hand.
Be sure to check them out as more are being added.

-Steve
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There is no Shame in the Gospel - Another Pun?

February 28, 2013, 7:56 pm
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I've come across another potential pun within Aramaic contemporary to Jesus... but this time (of all places) as a saying within Romans. Where Romans discusses there being "no shame in the Gospel" (Romans 1:16) the sentiment may have originally come from an Aramaic play on words similar to the English phrase "You must be 'whole' to be 'holy.'"

One common root in contemporry dialects to Paul for "to shame" is בסר /b'sar/, where the most likely original word employed for "Gospel" comes from the root בשׂר /b'śar/ ("message, good news, tidings"). This would most likely be the word בשׂרתה /b'sartha/ or בשׂורתה  /b'sortha/. This is unlike the later Christian Aramaic loan from Greek word εὐαγγέλιον /euangelion/ that is found in Syriac as, ܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ /ewanglion/ (with which this potential wordplay does not work).

"There is no בסר /b'sar/ in בשׂרתה /b'śartha/."

The two roots בסר and בשׂר are pronounced the same, and yet are spelled differently. In later dialects, very often the שׂ (śin) was written with ס (samek) so there was no spelling difference at all.

Other juxtapositions of "shame" and "the Gospel" are also found in 2nd Timothy 1:8 and 1 Corinthians 4:14-15. I must ask myself, why do they occur in strongly Greek texts? At this time I am not sure. All I know is that a plain translation into contemporary Aramaic is rather compelling as it would be too unlikely for such a platitude like this to house a pun like this by chance. No examples are found in the Gospels or Acts which do have very strong Aramaic under-layers, but I cannot think of any context in their narratives where such a phrase would 'naturally' crop up.

Nothing conclusive yet, but an article will be up on AramaicNT.org expounding upon this soon.

I would like to invite comments.

Peace,
-Steve
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Aramaic Tattoo Troubles: An Email I Wrote

March 1, 2013, 10:30 pm
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The following is an email I just sent out. All identifying information has been scrubbed.

Click here to listen to it read aloud. It really helps. :-)

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Dearest [REDACTED],

Thanks for emailing in…

You now have put me in an interesting and awkward spot. 

You see, *I* was the one who made that t-shirt design, and my younger sister is the one who designed the art for it to fit around the text.

The fact that you went out had a tattoo made from it in a language you do not understand, without consulting me -- the author and copyright holder -- and then have come back to me to verify it… It's like you BitTorrented a copy of Harry Potter, printed it out on LuLu, and then asked J. K. Rowling to autograph it to give it some sort of legitimacy.

Do you see what I mean? This situation is decidedly "sticky." :-)

So here are several things I *can* tell you:

  1. Your tattoo is a very crude replica. If you had contacted me, I could have provided you with a nice, high definition stencil.
  2. As a policy, I tend to misspell things on my demo art on the Aramaic Designs website to deter *this very situation* from happening.
  3. Since I am the copyright holder, and you did not secure a license, you're in violation of copyright law in a very painful way.
  4. If you want to buy a license to that text (i.e. do this the conventional way, albeit backwards; a measly $10) we can talk about exactly what you have on your arm, there.
  5. Regardless of what happens, I am going to blog this. :-)

Now in truth, wait for a moment before you are offended, get angry or are upset and please understand that I do not want to be vindictive. Quite appropriately, I'm not judging you more than being amused with the situation. I'm quite sure it didn't seem like a big deal at the time, and that you had no intention of offending anyone, let alone realize. I've had my work "stolen" before and I've found it posted on the Internet in places I'd rather not, and I've had to deal with DMCA requests, and that's all a really big mess that detracts from the very thing that *I* enjoy so much about my vocation, and that is: Sharing the language of Jesus with others.

But, just like how if you enjoy what a street performer is playing -- if it speaks to you and gives you a few minutes of fulfillment, or really means something to you, as I'm sure this phrase does -- it's conventional to toss a few dollars in his hat so he can keep doing the thing you love. Not worrying about having to feed themselves, or scrounging to pay for the roof over their head when they go home. Aramaic, like street performing, doesn't pay much; but, like how art and music should be more central to the human experience, so should the words of Jesus. :-)

I look forward to hearing from you.

Peace,
--
Steve

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King Jesus of Edessa by Ralph Ellis -- Er.. What?

March 13, 2013, 3:25 pm
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I usually don't discuss new books here on The Aramaic Blog... but sometimes a work inspires something within me that I cannot contain. One of those books is "King Jesus of Edessa" by Ralph Ellis... and what it inspires (in me) is a bad nervous tic.

*twitch*

It's the conspiracy to end all conspiracies about who the historical Jesus was. Ralph Ellis claims that he was King "Izas Manu" a patchwork figure that he seems to have cobbled together from a half dozen historical figures spanning two kingdoms (which he assumes are the same) and several hundred years.

Tom Verenna, I believe, puts it best:

[Ellis is] basically suggesting that at least four historical kings (Izates bar Monobaz, Abgar V the Black, Abgar Ma’nu VI, and Abgar bar Manu VIII the Great) from two distinct provinces with separate kings (Edessa in the province of Osroene vs. Arbela in the province of Adiabene) are one and the same person and place respectively. [He seems] to completely ignore the fact that both of these places exist miles apart

It's quite the "Abgar salad."

Like Frankenstein's monster, sewn together from bits of unrelated dead people, I doubt it would work in real life no matter how many times it was struck by lightning.

However, allow me stick to something which is my forté, and that is ancient languages. As Tom has pointed out, much of Ellis' argument is based upon how certain words sound similarly, regardless of what their actual etymology is, and there are a number of elementary mistakes. Allow me to concur with the following points:


  • There is no relation between Jesus (from the Aramaic ישוע /yeshua'/) and Izas/Izates (from the Persian ایزد‎ /'izad/). The only similarity is in their English transliteration.
  • Barabbas comes from the Aramaic בר–אבא /bar-abba/, not the Latin "barbar". This etymology is not in dispute.
  • Manu (?) provided it is from Monobaz does not share etymological origins with the Hebrew אמנואל /immanuel/, otherwise I'm not sure where he pulled this one from.
  • Ellis has made very elementary spelling mistakes in Greek, not using a proper final sigma ς where it is required. There are a number of examples of this in the free preview of his book. It would be like spelling דין as דינ or עם as עמ. It's blatantly incorrect.
And now on to some of my own observations I've picked out from perusing Ellis' work on Google Books:
  • The claim that Adiabene means "Sons of Addai" (I assume  ܐܕܝ ܒܢܝ /addai b'ney/) makes a fundamental mistake that anyone who studies Aramaic of any stripe would find rather embarrassing. A noun in the construct form must precede the noun it modifies (like in ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ /b'ney israel/ = "Sons of Israel", or בני קרתא /b'ney qarta/ = "sons of the city" = "townsfolk"). Adiabene comes from ܚܕܝܐܒ‎ /hadiyav/. There is no similarity between ܚܕܝܐܒ‎ /hadiyav/ and ܒܢܝ ܐܕܝ /b'ney addai/.
  • The progression of Judas into Addai is a horrible "Edenic two-step." Judas comes from יהודה /yehuda/, and יהודה and אדי could not perturb from one to the other as he proposes. One cannot simply ignore established etymology.

However, all of this is really to be expected, in my opinion, as Ellis is admittedly proud that he doesn't play by the conventional rules of academia; however, because of this, I'm not quite sure that anyone could call his book or his thesis "scholarship" without equivocating.

Then again what do I know? I just translate for a living... :-)

Peace,
-Steve
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The Tale of Peter Rabbit - In Galilean Aramaic

March 13, 2013, 7:51 pm
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Yep, it's finally going somewhere, but with some AramaicNT.org style, available to all site Supporters.

The Online Storybook is going to be awesome. Where Version 1 is going to be fairly straightforward with text and audio (and a full glossary so you can look everything up) Version 2 is going to be all done in Popcorn.js like the upcoming Conversational Galilean (GAL101) class. Like other "talking storybooks" it will highlight what words are being spoken as they're spoken in both English and in Galilean.

I'm also hoping to get the printed book orders ready by the 15th so that there is a chance of getting some delivered before Easter, but at this point I'm not sure if that's doable. eBook formats are also being worked on, including an iBooks version that tries to incorporate all of the functionality of the Version 2 Online Storybook, but that's last on the list of priorities.

Anyways, watch that page for more info.

Peace,
-Steve
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So What Does Transcribing a Manuscript Look Like?

March 21, 2013, 3:06 pm
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Working on the Mandaic Book of John.

Well, in truth it's rather boring if you're not a linguist. But this tends to make folks like me geek out. :-)

Gotta admit, though, (and I'm not endorsing Apple, just stating a fact) using a Retina Display makes it so much easier on the eyes. Big improvement. :-)

Peace,
-Steve
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"New experiments on [the Shroud of Turin] show it’s not medieval" -- What??

March 27, 2013, 10:06 pm
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The numbers 'mitre' be wishful thinking.
"The new tests carried out in the University of Padua labs were carried out by a number of university professors from various Italian universities and agree that the Shroud dates back to the period when Jesus Christ was crucified in Jerusalem. Final results show that the Shroud fibres examined produced the following dates, all of which are 95% certain and centuries away from the medieval dating obtained with Carbon-14 testing in 1988: the dates given to the Shroud after FT-IR testing, is 300 BC ±400, 200 BC ±500 after Raman testing and 400 AD ±400 after multi-parametric mechanical testing. The average of all three dates is 33 BC  ±250 years."

Pardon my exasperation as I usually do not comment on such things here -- especially in a vulgar manner as this -- but:

no.. no.. No.. NO.. NO! This is not how you average dating tests!

All three tests are completely inconsistent with one another, and due to this large swath of inconsistency should be thrown out (and would be thrown out by your average statistician). Think about it: The collective margins of error min-max to 700 BC to 800 AD -- Or about 1500 years of uncertainty.

Averaging them the way the author did falls victim to the so-called Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy.

In essence, it's hole-y argument, not a holy one. Wholly. :-)

If you want to know more about some more serious Shroud of Turin research, I suggest that you go read the work of Antonio Lombatti (blog, turin search). His commentary can be a bit biting at times, but he's quite the expert on it.

Peace,
-Steve


UPDATE: Archbishop Cesare Nosiglia (The Archbishop of Turin and custodian of the Shroud) has come out against these test results, saying that the provenance of the cloth that Fanti and Gaeta tested is squiffy and probably did not come from the Shroud at all:

"Non essendoci nessun grado di sicurezza sull'appartenenza dei materiali sui quali sarebbero stati eseguiti detti esperimenti al lenzuolo sindonico - si legge in una nota di monsignor Nosiglia - la proprietà e la custodia dichiarano di non poter riconoscere alcun serio valore ai risultati di tali pretesi esperimenti." - [Ansa.it]
Roughly (as my Italian is a bit rusty):
"Since there is no degree of certainty as to whether the materials upon which these experiments were carried out belonged to the Shroud -- says a statement from [Archbishop] Nosiglia -- the custodian declares they cannot recognize any serious value from these alleged experiments."

DISCLAIMER: Don't think me wrong. I think that relics are awesome (for example, I'd honestly love to grow a cutting of the Glastonbury Thorn, regardless of its origins), but the Shroud, like so many other relics, is a fake. It doesn't fit how Jews were buried in the 1st century (both the size of the cloth, how it was folded, and the weave of the fabric, itself). Sadly, when it comes to bogus relics they say that if one were to gather up all of the pieces of The True Cross that have circulated throughout the ages, that one could easily build Noah's Ark with enough left over for a couple of deck chairs.
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A Curious Inscription

April 6, 2013, 11:42 pm
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Curious.... 
Very curious... That's *awfully* familiar... :-)


Peace,
-Steve
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For Christian Brady

April 20, 2013, 1:33 pm
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In honor of Chris Brady (aka "Targuman")'s brand new Facebook photo. :-)
Peace,
-Steve
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Meanwhile in the Mandaic Book of John...

April 26, 2013, 11:49 am
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Sometimes the scribe simply couldn't make up their mind what they were trying to write...

For those of you who aren't familiar with the Mandaic alphabet, here's a better illustration:



Quite sloppy. I'm still trying to figure out how to represent this with sigla...

Luckily the scribe just gave up and re-wrote it from scratch as the next word. :-)

Peace,
-Steve
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Géza Vermes (1924-2013)

May 8, 2013, 6:59 pm
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Sadly, the field of Biblical Studies has lost a great scholar: [1][2]



Géza Vermes
בשלמיה
(Rest in Peace)



Peace,
-Steve
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Aramaic Tattoo Critique - Actually, not too shabby. :-)

May 20, 2013, 8:42 am
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A potential customer brought this tattoo to my attention. Overall it's not too bad. It's completely legible and all in the right order (bravo!). There are -- however -- a few things that need to be addressed:
  1. Half of the small number of things that rub me the wrong way is the inconsistent use of diacritical marks. There is only one seyame (plural marker; the two little dots above a short letter) in the entire design, and when you use seyame in one place, it's customary to use it throughout the document.
  2. Another stray diacritical mark is a dot under the ܟ (kaf) in ܡܠܟܘܬܟ (malkuthakh = "your kingdom"). Here, this mark's purpose is to indicate that the ܟ (kaf) is pronounced soft (like ch in Bach). Again, if you use it in one place, you're expected to use it throughout the document unless it is specifically to disambiguate places where it's not obvious. (Which this is not.)
  3. Next, we have another stray dot under ܡܢ (men = "from") as well as a final ܡ (mim) at the beginning of a word. A dot could occur here in un-marked texts to disambiguate ܡܢ (men) from ܡܢ (man = "who"), but again, it's inconsistent and unnecessary in this context.
  4. Finally, there is a case of incorrect word division, which given its position (a descender right above an ascender, which could potentially overlap) is excusable, but there are other ways to resolve overlapping writing than this.
However, these errors aside, this is one of the better Syriac Lord's Prayer spirals that I have seen that I did not aid in typesetting (and I know that sounds like I'm tooting my own horn... but seriously it personally pains me when I see avoidable mistakes). :-)

Peace,
-Steve
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